Universus

Key Failure Factors,Factores Clave de Fracaso según Fernando Trías de Bes

Fri, 02 Jan 2009 09:49:24 +0000

Los Factores Claves del Fracaso, resumen del libro de Fernando Trías De Bes, el libro negro del emprendedor. Como el mismo describe al final de su libro, es la bestia negra del falso emprendedor. Al auténtico emprendedor no le hará mella nada de los factores siguientes resumidos.

Respecto a la persona que emprende:
1 FCF:Emprender con un motivo, pero una motivación.
2 FCF: no tener carácter emprendedor.
3 FCF: no ser un luchador.

Respecto a los socios:
4 FCF: contar con socios cuando en realidad puede prescindir de ellos.
5 FCF: escoger socios sin definir criterios de elección relevantes.
6 FCF: ir a partes iguales cuando no todo el mundo aporta lo mismo.
7 FCF: falta de confianza y comunicacion con los socios.

Respecto a la idea de negocio:
8 FCF: pensar que la idea depende el éxito.
9 FCF: adentrarse en sectores que no gustan o se desconocen.
10 FCF: escoger sectores de actividad poco aractivos.

Respecto a la situación familiar del emprendedor:
11 FCF: hacer depender el negocio de las necesidades familiares y las ambiciones materiales.
12 FCF:Emprender sin asumir el impacto que tendrá sobre nuestro equilibrio vital.

Respecto a la gestión del crecimiento:
13 FCF: crear modelos de negocios que no dan beneficios rápidamente y de modo sostenible.
14 FCF: Ser emprendedor y no empresario, y no retirarse a tiempo.

Pero recuerden como dice, Xavier Gabriel:
"Fracasar no es peder. Es no haberlo intentado"

Resumen del libro, el libro negro del emprendedor de fernando Trías Bes

Esbec, Escuela Secundaria Basica en el Campo. Abandonados en Isla de la juventud - Cuba

Sun, 28 Dec 2008 11:28:59 +0000

Esbec, Escuela Secundaria Basica en el Campo.
En 1969 comenzó el vía crucis de la juventud cubana con la inauguración de las primeras Escuelas Secundarias Básicas en el Campo (ESBEC) y posteriormente los Institutos Preuniversitarios en el Campo (IPUEC).
Las ESBEC se constituyeron tomando como fundamento una concepción martiana que decía que un niño debía..."manejar por la mañana el cuaderno y por la tarde la azada" donde el Apóstol resaltaba el valor del trabajo en la formación del ser humano. Muy pronto este sistema de escuelas en el campo se llamó la concepción martiana - marxista de la educación.

Juventud divino tesoro, te vas para no mas volver, cuando quiero llorar no lloro e a veces te lloro sin querer.!
Que feliz fuimos ahi, que pena que nuestras amadas escuelas esten asi abandonadas.

Increase Web Site Traffic

Sun, 28 Dec 2008 11:11:30 +0000

Web Site Traffic Generating Components
Non-Internet Marketing
Return Traffic and Email Marketing
Links from other sites
Discussion Boards
Search Engine Promotion
Pay Per Click

Non-Internet Marketing
We purposely placed search engines and internet based advertising at the end to put emphasis on the idea that there is more to a successful web site marketing campaign than just submitting your site to search engines. You need to know that in many cases this will drastically fall short of your expectations and there is a good chance that it will not increase your web site traffic at all.

Non-internet marketing consists of everything you do related to your business that is not online.
The first of these is your current marketing avenues, print ads, news paper, phone book, radio, TV, promotional events, business cards, and anything else that you would consider as "marketing" efforts. Each of these items should in some manner incorporate your web site address. Adding your web site address to these items should not create a significant expense. In some cases you may want to refocus the content toward directing people to your web site. Secondly consider everything that leaves your physical location as new marketing material. Stationary and envelopes should have your web site address printed on them. If you ship packages make sure the labels including your web site address and any documentation that might be enclosed. If you invoice customers, invoices and order confirmations should have your web address. If you do not send order confirmations, you may want to start doing so and highlight your web site address. Do you have a customer mailing list? Consider sending them a notice on your new web site and perhaps periodically send notification of any new additions to your site. The point is that nothing you do should be left un-considered and creativity needs to come into play. Items that you currently my not think of as "marketing" efforts may open new avenues. For example, how much would it cost to include your web site address as an alternative contact method on your voice mail? Can you mention your web site while talking to contacts on the phone... or in person? Or ask them for their email address so you can send it to them. You should scrutinize anything your business does that has contact with other people. Anything that you do not examine as an instrument of web site marketing can be an opportunity lost. Even though we specifically mention to think about things you are currently doing, in some cases you may find ideas for things to add, such as sending a follow up thank you letter, if you aren't doing that already. Your marketing campaign should not be focused in one area. The non-internet aspect should be an integral part of your overall campaign. Here is a recap of some of the items we mentioned: * News Paper Ads * Media ads (news papers, tv, radio) * Business Cards * Signage * Stationary * Packaging * Labeling * Invoices, Confirmations, Thank you notices * Voice mail * Personal contacts * Postal Mailings * Cataglogs and newsletters * Miscellaneous promotional materials

Return Traffic and Email Marketing

Return Traffic consists primarily of two factors: 1) making sure the person that visits your site sees something they like so that they enjoy their first visit, and 2) giving them a reason to come back.

Do not neglect the benefit of return traffic. It is a key element in virtually all successful web sites and should be included in the basic web site design. The design of the website should give the visitor what he or she is looking for without creating unnecessary confusion and ideally make the experience pleasant enough that they will want to come back.

Does your site include all of the information the visitor will need? If a visitor has questions that come up before purchasing your product or service, you may lose them as they go somewhere else to find that information. Any information you provide will also be included in the major search engines as their programs go through your site. This will give people more relevant search terms to use in order to find you.
Action Step: Find at least one piece of information relating to your product or service that is missing from your web site and add it. Cover the topic as completely and as straightforwardly as possible. Then be sure the visitor has a prominent link to select for returning to your product(s). If possible, continue you this process over and over to add content to your site. If you get to the point where you feel that you've covered everything, go back to the content you've already created to see if you can provide additional pages to further detail items you've covered. Become the expert site on your topic(s).

Put yourself in your visitors shoes and be brutally critical of your web site. Would you buy for that site? Would you come back? Try to follow these guidelines: * Navigating your site should be easy to understand * Give the visitor a number of ways to contact you * Provide online documents for your goods or services * Provide background information related to your goods or service Visitor Interaction can be very successful in building repeat traffic. Some popular visitor interaction methods include discussion boards, Q & A knowledge bases, live support chat, and contests. Some web site hosting companies (such as many of those in our recommendation list include installation of many of these items.

Email Marketing is a more active method of encouraging return traffic and can be very effective when used properly. It is important however to avoid spam at all costs. "Spam" is forcing people to view unsolicited information. Common forms are mass e-mail campaigns, especially those with bogus descriptions and sender information, pop up windows on web pages, and using unrelated keywords which make the site come up in searches that do not apply. Today's internet user is becoming more sophisticated and more likely to be annoyed when they need to close unwanted windows. This is important to understand because internet users are becoming leery of supplying their email addresses because of the likely hood of receiving more spam. On the other hand, if email marketing did not work it would not be so prevalent. We suspect, however, that the people making money from mass email marketing are the companies that are able to sell the mass email concept and sell email lists.

A good example of this is tvguide.com's new requirement of signing up for their advertisement rich service. We've spoke with a number of people who have stopped using tvguide.com when they started requiring that email addresses be supplied even though it remains a free service. Though there may be some benign reasons for collecting this information, the impression is that it will generate more spam.

You do, however, want to collect this information if possible, but you also want to do it in a manner that gives the user what they want and nothing more while making sure that they are comfortable that you will not share their information with other entities. This means having a form on your site asking whether or not the visitor would like to receive more information or if they would like to be on your mailing list and once you have their contact information, use it exclusively for what they are expecting. A good method for raising visitor's confidence is to provide your phone number as an alternate means for them to get more information.

The state of mass email marketing in today's internet is making email less valuable and in many cases unproductive. Spam blockers are going into place everywhere and probability that your mailing will not be seen is rising daily. We will not go into more detail than this because since you are on the internet, you are well aware of the problems spam is causing.

One of the best methods for using email is to write personal responses to inquiries. This may take time, but for higher priced goods and services it can be profitable for you and helpful for your web site visitor.

Links from other sites

Using links from other sites has two main benefits: 1) it can create traffic from users that are browsing other sites and 2) it can help increase your position in some search engines. At one time getting links on other sites was often as easy as requesting a link on their "links" page. Today, however, like many other aspects of developing web site traffic, getting successful links is becoming an art. How to best handle inter site linking is not as straightforward as you might think and if done incorrectly it can have negative results. Negative results can come in the form of losing visitors that might otherwise buy your product and it may actually hurt your web site ranking. There are many schools of thought on the proper way to handle reciprocal links and since search engines are constantly updating their programs, what may be beneficial today may hurt your rankings tomorrow. It is important to stay in tune with what is happening in the world of search engine placement. Just as staying on top of developments in your particular industry is an ongoing enterprise, so is building web site traffic.

Generally speaking the best thing a web site designer/owner can do is to be sure that their web site provides the best information possible in a logical manner for their site visitors. This means that having a links page with a few highly relevant links that include comments on what information will be found should be more valuable than having a page with a jumble of 400 unrelated links that your visitor needs to decipher in order to find what they want. Keep in mind that search engine ranking is constantly evolving and their goal is to provide the best information possible for their searches and, for commercial search engines, to maximize their profits.

The next step focuses on combining this thought with your ultimate goal, having other sites link back to you. It is the links back to you that provide visitors and better page ranking in search engines.

Start out by searching for complimentary web sites avoiding competitors and concentrating on sites where someone looking for something from you might appreciate being able to easily find related items. Some SEO professionals firmly believe competitor linking is also beneficial. If you sell custom pens you may want to include links to a printer with a custom stationary specialty. If you provide specialty weather information you may want to include an "Other Sciences Resources" page with links geological information. After you've zero in on complimentary topics, use one or two of the popular search engines to find some sites that fit into those categories.

First decide whether the site you are looking at actually does compliment your site
Try to weed out sites that appear stagnant or uninteresting. The best sites would be those that you yourself would visit.
Then see if they have anything that looks like a links page or a link request. If their link page is packed with sites and appears disorganized you may want to move on. There is no definitive answer on this but many professional traffic developers believe that links from these types of pages can ultimately hurt your ranking and if it doesn't now it may in the future.
If the page appears to be a logical place for your site to be listed then request a link. Link pages usually have a form or instructions for inclusion requests. If an email address is not included, check the site's contact page to see if there is someone you can direct an email to. In your email, explain who you are and that you are looking for information on linking your site with theirs. Include your thoughts on specific reasons why you think your site relates to theirs. Also consider asking them if they can offer any suggestions on obtaining links. This not only helps to open a friendly dialog but many people will be happy to share what they've learned with non-competitors that are genuinely seeking their advice.

Do not expect a friendly response. Many webmasters will send a response such as "get lost" which is fairly rude but many of them have been jaded and have very carefully developed links and often do not remember that they were once in your position. Using variations of the request suggestions above will help limit these responses but it will not eliminate them. Also note that depending on the trends of the day, linking to a less popular site may have negative effects on the ranking of their site. Remember, however, that when selecting a linking site, a new but dynamic site may not have a high ranking today, it may rise considerably in the months to come.

Some webmasters simply do not reply to requests for links. This can be due to the volume of requests they receive. We do not recommend sending follow up emails for requests unless you have an extreme reason for doing so. An exeption to this may be requests that you've made through online forms. Remember that it often takes sites months to update their links.

A note on Context Links: Context links are links that are actually in the body of your site, or of sites linking to you. These are the most valuable links when it comes to search engine placement because they imply a more direct relevance that the search engine programs can pick up. These links indicate that someone besides you thinks your site is worthwhile. These types of links are also the hardest to get. If you are going to suggest such a link from someone else, try to include an example of how and where you think it might be appropriate. It is also a very good idea to have an idea where you might do the same thing for them.

Always follow through on your reciprocal links. If you've agreed to exchange links with someone, be prompt in getting their link on your site. Also keep a good record of linking sites so that you can periodically check to see that your link has not been dropped from their site. If it has, send a polite request stating that you noticed that your link has been dropped from their site and what you could do to re-instate it. Resist the temptation to be vindictive since a positive attitude is contagious. Take what you learn and determine if you need to make any changes to your linking procedures.

Discussion Boards

Discussion boards are programs that are available on many sites where people post questions and answers or have general conversations regarding specific topics. Many of these boards get indexed by search engines and specific posts can find their way into search results. Some of the boards do not allow links to be included in messages but many times you can include a tag line beneath your name with your web site address. This has the potential of creating traffic from people reading the post but also allow further indexing of your site if a search engine crawler hits that message.
Try to find discussion boards that pertain to your subject matter and join in on the discussion. Providing valuable responses to inquiries will not only allow you to place your tag line in another place on the internet, but it also helps to establish your expertise to potential visitors to your site. Participation in discussion boards can also enrich your own internet experience as well as help to develop contacts. Set up a specific schedule where you can take the time to read and respond. Remember that even if you aren't an internet expert you do have expertise in your own field. Take advantage of that where ever possible.

Simplified Search Engines - Search Engines 101
One of our most frequently asked questions is "why do I have to pay for search engine submissions?" Though the main premise of that question is false, it prompted us to break the search engine topic out of our "traffic" topic to discuss it in more detail. It is important to understand that in most cases search engines are businesses with employees, payroll, and other financial obligations. We say "most" because there are one or two exceptions among major search engine database providers (specifically DMOZ.org). But all of these search engines rely on the integrity of their data and whether or not the internet consumer will turn to them when they need information. Ensuring this integrity of data is paramount in getting a grasp on how search engines work.

There are four major techniques used by search engines to collect and organize web site information for their search programs. Search engines may use either or a combination of some or all data collection methods.

Manual Web Site Review:

One solid philosophy behind compiling a useful database is to have real people review each submission to be sure it is appropriate and useful to the general public. Manual site review also assures that the submitted sites are categorized and indexed properly so that people will be able to find the information they are looking for.

As you can imagine, with thousands of submissions coming in daily, manual review can be a time consuming project requiring knowledgeable staff who understand the internet and how the public will use the data. Unless this process is done by volunteers (as it is at DMOZ), it can be a costly venture but in the end manual review assures that you have highly reliable search data that weeds out sites that are trying to appear to be something that they are not. The main downfall of this method is that a search may not retrieve all of the sites on the internet that pertain to your search criteria since the database only includes sites that have actually been reviewed.

One of the most important free submissions you can make is to dmoz.org (the open directory project). DMOZ is a free service but their database is used as one of the primary sources of web sites by many of the most popular search engines. Before submitting to DMOZ be sure to read their instructions so that you are following their guidelines. Be prepared to wait a few months for your submission to be included because DMOZ is reviewed by real people and there are a great number of sites submitted each day. The timing depends primarilly on whether or not your category has a designated editor and how many sites are being submitted to it.

Robot Site Collection:

On the other end of the spectrum are databases that are entirely compiled and categorized by automated programs. These programs go out from site to site and read web pages, gathering information contained in specific HTML tags and text on the site to determine how to add it to its database. These "robots", or "spiders" and "crawlers" as they are often called, then follow links on the pages to move on to the next web page or website to be considered.

Though this method is not labor intensive, it can create huge databases that require a good deal of equipment and internet resources. These robot generated databases tend to include more sites than those reviewed manually but relevant sites can often get lost in the number of items returned by a search. Though search engines are constantly upgrading and improving their search programs to minimize returning non-relevant sites to people using their services the automation involved makes this a never ending task. One of the best online resources for keeping up with search engine information is WebMasterWorld.com. We highly recommend bookmarking this site and becoming familiar with what is happening in the industry.

Automated Categorization:
Another method for compiling a search engine database is the automated categorization of sites that are submitted manually. This method takes most of the manual aspects of site review and hands them over to sophisticated programs designed to combine data collected from the submission entry and data on the submitted web site in an attempt to provide a solid database for the information consumer. Many of these search engines try to minimize the spoofing of their programs with manual random checks on submitted entries and reviews prompted by public responses.
Paid Placement:

There are a number of different variations of paid placement databases and many search engines that use one of the other methods as their primary database collection method also use some form of paid placement. Though some search engines such as Yahoo and Alta Vista display a few paid entries on each results page, they make it clear which are "sponsored" sites and which are generated from relevant general database searches.

On the other hand, other search engines, such as Infoseek and MSN (at the time of this writing) exclusively use paid results (MSN will show unpaid results if no items are found in the paid database). These search engines try to portray their results as "highly relevant" because advertisers bid on keywords. We've sent requests for the logic behind that statement but for now it still eludes us.
Express Setup:

A few sites that use the manual review method offer a service that moves your submission to the stop of the review stack. This means that your site is reviewed quicker and usually has no effect on actual placement. We mention this because it can appear that a site is a paid placement site when, as long as they also allow free submissions, it really isn't.

What does this information do for you?
Search Engine Submission

What to do with this information requires that a merchants decide whether or not they are equipped to locate and submit to search engines or if they should hire a professional to help. We've tried to emphasize the importance of staying current on search engine information and because of the difficulty in doing this while maintaining other aspects of your business we highly recommend the hiring of a professional that specializes in Search Engine Optimization (SEO).

It is, however possible to handle this yourself. We've reviewed some of the best resources that will give you the information you need. With the right knowledge and a good place to start... the journey can be very rewarding.

Web based resources:

Webmaster World discussion boards
- Anwers to practically any question you might have.
SelfPromotion.com
- Excellent site with step by step answers for doing things right.
- This site is hard to reach but keep trying because the author does an excellent job.

Books:

Search Engine Optimization for Dummies by Peter Kent is packed with optimization and marketing gems. This book has excellent reviews and should be on the shelf of everyone who works with web sites
101 Ways to Boost Your Web Traffic: Internet Promotion Made Easier by Thomas Wong is an excellent resource for people who are new to internet marketing. More experienced and knowledgable people may not be happy with this selection but it is good for the absolute beginner.
Note that what works and what doesn't changes so quickly in the world of search engine submissions that recommendations could be out of date. Please refer to the web site links above for the best and most current resources.

Pay Per Click
PPC (Pay Per Click) ads are paid advertisements that appear at the beginning of search results and on various other internet pages. Typically the ads that are listed are determined by either a bidding process or a flat fee. Open bidding for pay per click keywords usually involves determining a maximum amount that you are willing to pay and bidding no higher than that point. The highest bidder will appear in the most prominent position at the top of the list for a given search terms. The primary benefit of pay per click advertising is that the ad may appear multiple times, the advertiser only pays when a visitor actually clicks on it. Ideally this means that a qualified visitor is coming to your site.

It is important to take some time to become familiar with pay per click services, how they work, and what value you can expect. Pay per click can be your most profitable marketing avenue if used properly. If not used with some knowledge and a little planning you may as well pile your money in a nice and neat pile then set it on fire. Pay per click is also one of the best methods to get visitors to your site quickly.

Pay per click services are usually owned by or have business relationships with search engines. The search engine will either receive a database of keywords and the sequence of ads from the pay per click service or they will fetch the appropriate ads from the PPC provider in real time when the search is made. The link on the ad typically points back to the pay per click service provider where they record the click and send the visitor on to the selected advertiser's site. The term pay per click search engine specifically relates to a database search site that is compiled entirely of paid listings. What we want to do here is move away from the paid search engine listing concept and on to the more profitable course of pay per click marketing in general. The reasoning for this is simply that the stricly paid search engines are not very popular and with a well designed pay per click plan you can reach more potential customers while getting more value for your dollar.

Example 1: If you expect a 5 percent level of sales for the actual number of visitors to your site then you need to calculate how much 20 clicks (since 1 click is 5% of 20) will cost compared to your individual sale. At that rate, if you are selling a book for $15.00 and the top bid is $1.00 for your selected keyword you would be losing money at the rate of $5.00 per book to be the top keyword bidder. You would be paying $20.00 for 20 $1.00 clicks for the one $15.00 sale.

Example 2: On the other hand, with the above book example, if the top bid is $0.20 and you expect to sell to 1 out of 20 visitors, your pay per click investment per book sale drops to $4.00.

Example 3: It also may be worth it to you to be the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, or 5th place bidder. In this situation the 5th place bid for your keyword might be at $0.05 bringing your total pay per click cost per sale down to $1.00. The 5th place bidder will not get the volume of clicks that the first place bidder will get but it should still receive some traffic. To follow through with this concept, the merchant may find that the pay per click position 3 or 4 may maximize the return on investment.

Finding Pay Per Click ROI balance: Example "2" and "3" demonstrate a crucial aspect of ppc marketing. If our fictitious book seller has a cost of $10.00 per book s/he is making a profit in both cases and may even be making some more profit on handling fees. Though the 5th place spot may look appealing, the larger volume in the second place spot may very well make it more profitable.

Another critical concept to profitability in the pay per click and search engine world is to look into a more targeted keyword phrases. The bidding is usually lower on more specific keyword phrases. If your book is "History of the Widget" you might find that the keyword "widget" receives 100,000 hits but the bidding level isn't feasible for your ROI but the bidding level of "widget history" might be more reasonable though it may get less traffic. In this situation there is the added benefit of more qualified searches relating directly to your product but in other cases more specific keywords might not be so apparent. Your pay per click service should allow you to check the bidding on various phrases and many have tools to give you an idea of the number of hits a keyword can expect. Finding the right balance for your particular application means starting out slow with very few keyword groups and watching the effect of changes very carefully.

Selecting a Pay Per Click Service Provider

Selecting the Pay Per Click provider that is right for you may seem a little challenging. Smaller, newer PPC providers may be less reliable and in some cases might even send a number of fraudulent clicks through that will cost you money. This is not to say that you should avoid all new pay per click search engines and ppc providers (almost everyone starts out small), but the larger, well established companies typically have more resources and more highly developed programs to assure their advertisers are receiving the clicks they are paying for as well as tools that can help determine keyword selection.

We recommend that our customers start out very slowly with one of the largest pay per click providers, Overture. The same principles will apply to other pay per click providers. Overture's sign up process is very straightforward and you can set your initial bids at $0.10. During the sign up process you will be asked to create an initial ad and request a keyword or keyword phrase. You have plenty of time to do this, so take your time. The keyword selection tool is very nice and easy to use. Think about what keywords someone searching for your product might use to find your site in a search engine. Always open your account with a $0.10 keyword bid. Though you will most likely not be near the top of the list, you can change it later, but for now you want to have to become familiar with their advertiser tools. Overture requires an initial $50.00 deposit which will be used toward paying for your clicks. Merchants who are new to pay per click will want to start out with Overture's PRE-PAY plan. Selecting the pre-pay plan during sign up gives you the best control of how much you will ultimately be spending.

After signing up, click on the advertiser log in link and bookmark the page before entering your username and password. This will assure you can easily get to the advertiser area whenever you want. At this point you want to log in and become familiar with the tools for adding advertisements and keywords.

When you are ready to make changes to your keywords and bid pricing making minor alterations and watch your account area carefully to be sure the changes are having the desired effect. Overture's listing manager will show you what the existing bids are and how your bid ranks. We recommend that you find a very low volume keyword phrase so that you can take a few days to become familiar with how things work. Then make alterations to maximize your return on investment per our discussion above.

You can sign up for Overture by clicking here. See the left panel on this page for other pay per click providers.

Don't be bashful!

Though we recommend starting out at a slow pace, pay per click advertising is very simple to do and can bring in many new qualified visitors. If you do not feel comfortable doing this yourself, bring in someone with a little more internet experience, go over this page with them, and have them walk through the process with you. Always remember that the name of the pay per click game is return on investment. Keep track of what is happening with your results. Know what you are spending and watch the effect on your sales. If something isn't working, make changes. Do not use the pay per click provider's auto-generated recommended bids. Set your own low bid and work your way up. You do not have to be number 1, the best ROI can be in the number 3 spot.

Thanks for ourshop.com team

CANADA IMMIGRATION - Service aux étudiants et l'immigration au Québec

Sat, 27 Dec 2008 07:43:12 +0000

Pour étudier au Canada, il faut obtenir un visa étudiant, pour cela, il faut avoir une lettre de pré-admission (acceptation) d'un "établissement de formation canadien. Notre mission est de vous faciliter cette démarche. Ainsi que de vous conseiller dans le choix de la formation adéquate.

Visa étudiant
Les nouvelles dispositions obligent les étrangers à démontrer qu'ils sont « en règle » avec l'établissement d'enseignement où ils ont étudié. Cette modification est nécessaire pour préserver l'intégrité du programme en refusant de renouveler les permis d'études des étudiants qui ont cessé d'étudier après leur entrée au pays.

Dans le cas des étrangers qui souhaiteront renouveler leur permis d'études pour une période égale ou inférieure à 90 jours, les dispositions réglementaires les dispenseront, lorsqu'ils auront reçu un avis indiquant qu'ils ont obtenu avec succès leur diplôme, de l'obligation de fournir une lettre d'acceptation délivrée par un établissement d'enseignement. Cette modification aidera les étudiants étrangers diplômés à demander un permis de travail. La modification permettra d'assurer la transition entre le permis d'études et le permis de travail.

Nouveaux frais pour l'immigration au Québec

À partir du 8 septembre 2004, tous les nouveaux candidats qui déposent un dossier de DCS (Demande de certificat de sélection) pour le Québec devront dorénavant payer :

390 $ par dossier pour le requérant principal
et 150 $ pour les personnes accompagnant le requérant principal que cela soit le conjoint ou les enfants à charge.
Tous ceux dont la demande de DCS est déjà en cours n'auront pas à payer ces nouveaux frais.

C´est nécessaire de bien s´informer à tout moment avant de prendre une décision d´inmigrer.

ANGOLA Imagens FANTASTICAS / PHOTO D'ANGOLA

Wed, 24 Dec 2008 09:08:39 +0000

ANGOLA Imagens FANTASTICAS / PHOTO D'ANGOLA

Por Angelo & ernesto.

Aeropuerto Central Ciudad Real,Donquijoteairport, primer aeropuerto privado de España

Mon, 22 Dec 2008 09:51:16 +0000

El Aeropuerto Central Ciudad Real, primer aeropuerto internacional privado de España, te presenta una oferta inmejorable de servicios, calidad en la atención al pasajero y precios sin competencia. Gracias a la conexión del Terminal de pasajeros con el tren de alta velocidad, en sólo 55 minutos podrás situarte en el centro de Madrid. Desde aquí podrás viajar con destino a otras capitales españolas, incluyendo Islas Baleares y Canarias, diferentes puntos europeos, americanos.

Carretera
A-43 Lisboa/Badajoz/Ciudad Real/Valencia (desvío Cañada Cva)
AP-41 Madrid/Toledo/Ciudad Real/Córdoba
Autovía IV Centenario Ciudad Real/Almagro/Valdepeñas

Autobús
A disposición del usuario líneas de autobús que comunican el Terminal de pasajeros con Ciudad Real y Puertollano, desde donde se puede acceder a Toledo, Madrid o cualquier otra ciudad durante todo el día.

Tren Alta Velocidad
El Terminal conecta con la línea de alta velocidad, de modo que una vez construida la estación de tren del aeropuerto, cuya finalización está prevista para el segundo semestre de 2009, cualquier pasajero podrá situarse en el centro de Madrid en sólo 55 minutos. Además, es posible acceder a las estaciones de alta velocidad de Ciudad Real y Puertollano en sólo 10 minutos desde el edificio Terminal, facilitando enormemente la comunicación y rapidez en los flujos de visitantes.

Turismo Malí - Burkina Faso: delta interior del Níger, Tombuctú, país Dogón y país Lobi

Sat, 20 Dec 2008 19:59:07 +0000

2008-2009. Viaje en grupo reducido de 18 días; recorrido en vehículos 4x4 y acompañante local de habla hispana. Alojamiento en hoteles y casas locales en el país Dogón. Caminatas para visitar el país Dogón.

Allí donde el río Níger marca el límite del gran desierto se encuentran lugares de leyenda. Tombuctú o el país Dogón ya aparecían en los relatos de los antiguos viajeros. Si bien en Malí se encuentran las grandes atracciones, Burkina Faso es más sutil;
el islam se mezcla con otras creencias y conforma una sociedad de una insólita sofisticación cultural.

Para información

ÁFRICA INDEPENDENTE

Tue, 16 Dec 2008 09:20:17 +0000

ÁFRICA INDEPENDENTE As duas primeiras fotos foram tiradas na Beira, Moçambique, a seguir à independência em 1975. As outras duas foram tiradas em 2007.
32 anos de 'liberdade' em África...

Agora

Dantes

Em Angola não foi diferente...
Por Angelo & ernesto.

10 Consejos importantes, en la cena de empresa de navidad

Fri, 12 Dec 2008 11:08:26 +0000

1.   Recuerde tu jefe no es tu amigo: La regla numero es 1, tu jefe no es tú amigo con el haya salido los fines de semanas, están juntos pero no revueltos, hable solamente de lo que es importante, tus jefes no son tus colegas de fin de semanas.

2.   Hablar poco: Únete al corro de los que más hablan. Así no tendrás que hablar tú.

3.   Asistir y participar: Los trabajadores que no acuden a la cena de navidad no sólo corren el riesgo de parecer prepotentes sino que además pierden una oportunidad muy importante de hacer contactos. Una vez allí, es buena idea participar en todos los eventos para afianzar una posición como miembro del equipo.

4.   Hablar con todos: En las cenas de Navidad de las empresas se propicia una colocación informal para juntar a personas de distintos departamentos, o con departamentos de mayor categoría con los que es extraño poder reunirse en otras ocasiones. Este evento es una buena ocasión para conocer a personas importantes con quienes no se tiene contacto a diario.

5.   Evitar hablar de temas "conflictivos": Las charlas sobre política y religión pueden ser apasionante entre amigos o con la familia, sin embargo, no son el mejor tema de conversación con la gente de la empresa.

6.   Agradecer a las personas que han hecho posible la cena: Siempre queda bien agradecer la cena a los organizadores de la misma, o si resulta apropiado, al jefe que aprobó la cena. Al ser posible al final en la despedida y muy breve.

7.   Evitar que te llame de trepa: No te pegues a los directivos de forma demasiado evidente, podrías ser acusado de trepa, pero si toca sentarte con un directivo recuerde siempre la regla numero 1, no es tu amigo de fin de semana.

8.   No seas el primero que empiece a beber alcohol: Siempre habrá alguien con más poder que diga "bueno, es hora de pasar a los gin tonics, ¿no?" mientras se acaricia la barriguita, mientras tanto a tomar agua o lo que se tenga mano.

9.   No intentes hacerte el inteligente: Es importante no hacer el más listo, en las conversaciones ni de tu trabajo, recuerde que trabajan en la misma empresa, si alguien quiere saber de ti aunque sea de otro departamento, podrá siempre solicitar o averiguar en la empresa, también tiene los 364 días del año para demostrar tus capacidades.

10.   No te emborraches: Recuerde si bebes, cuando notas que vas empezar a decir las verdades, deje inmediatamente de beber. Sobrepasarse con el alcohol no transmite una imagen profesional y puede conducir a un comportamiento no apropiado para un evento laboral.

Pero lo importante, ese día es igual que los demás 364 dias del año, a diferencia de estar en el trabajo están en un restaurante, vealo como un session más trabajo.

LAS NUEVAS PRUEBAS DE SELECCTIVIDAD Y ACCESO A LA UNIVERSIDAD..

Thu, 27 Nov 2008 17:37:26 +0000

Parece ser que las cosas están cambiando en lo que a la selecctividad y las pruebas de acceso a la Universidad se refiere. De ahí las manifestaciones y movilizaciones estudiantiles desde Octubre de 2008, muchas también en contra de los Planes de Bolonia. En lo que respecta a la selectividad y las pruebas de acceso a la Universidad, aquí tenéis un breve análisis de estos cambios..

¿Por qué es un endurecimiento?

- Introducción de la prueba oral de idioma. Esta medida beneficiará claramente a los estudiantes que puedan permitirse academias privadas y otros medios que no están al alcance de la mayoría de los hijos de los trabajadores. Introducir un examen oral no mejorará la calidad de la enseñanza de idioma en el instituto ya que ésta sólo se puede alcanzar mediante inversión en la educación pública.
- Será necesario sacar un 5 para aprobar. Hasta ahora con un 4 de media en la selectividad se consideraba que el estudiante era apto para estudiar en las universidades siempre que en la media ponderada con el bachillerato obtuviera un 5. Con el nuevo decreto sólo se aceptará a aquellos estudiantes que saquen 4 en la selectividad si en el bachillerato han sacado más de 6.
- Se introducen exámenes de tipo test con multirrespuesta. El gobierno alega que de esta manera se evitarán reclamaciones porque los exámenes serán más objetivos. Lo que no dicen es que este tipo de exámenes tendrán muchísimas más preguntas, y está implícito que al responder incorrectamente a una cuestión puedan quitarte puntos. En conjunto los exámenes serán más difíciles.
- En la práctica será obligatorio hacer las pruebas "voluntarias". Esta medida busca dividir y enfrentar a los estudiantes. Ciertamente, los que vayan a acceder a carreras sin demanda, no tendrán que hacer estos exámenes. Pero para acceder a las demás carreras, el estudiante sí tendrá que hacer estas nuevas pruebas porque estarán en juego nada más y nada menos que hasta CUATRO puntos que se suman directamente a la nota resultante de la media ponderada entre el bachillerato y la selectividad. Es decir, si la nota de bachillerato y selectividad se queda en un 6, con los exámenes "voluntarios" podrás subirla hasta un 10. Pero desde luego las universidades lo aprovecharán para subir las notas de corte. Eso hará que en la práctica sean exámenes obligatorios. Además tal y como están planteados serán un nuevo y lucrativo negocio para las academias privadas.
- Se devalúa el bachillerato. Como los cuatro puntos que se pueden obtener en los exámenes "voluntarios" se suman a la media ponderada entre el bachillerato y la selectividad "obligatoria", un estudiante que se haya esforzado durante el bachillerato y haya optenido buena nota podrá verse superado en el acceso a la universidad por otro estudiante que, habiendo aprobado por los pelos, se haya podido preparar los exámenes "voluntarios" en costosas academias privadas. Es decir, de nada servirá haberte esforzado en los dos años de bachillerato, sino tienes los medios para preparar concienzudamente estos exámenes "voluntarios". Será el gran negocio de las academia privadas ya que, además, no será necesario haber cursado en el bachillerato la asignatura correspondiente.
- Las universidades seleccionarán al alumnado. Las universidades podrán escoger que asignaturas (a través de sus correspondientes exámenes "voluntarios") serán claves para poder acceder a las carreras universitarias. La nota de estos exámenes valdrá más que las de otros. Esta novedad obligará al estudiante a orientarse hacia una determinada carrera desde primero de bachillerato para especializarse en las asignaturas premiadas por la universidad. Es una medida que permite a las universidades seleccionar qué estudiantes puedan cursar unas u otras carreras.
- Habrá menos posibilidad de elegir carrera universitaria. Los estudiantes tendrán que tener claro qué carrera desean cursar ya en primero de bachillerato. Si para acceder a un grado determinado (las nuevas carreras con los planes de Bolonia) de una universidad determinada el estudiante tendrá que hacer las pruebas "voluntarias" de dos asignaturas específicas elegidas por la universidad, lo lógico es que el estudiante se matricule de esas dos asignaturas (aunque no sea obligatorio hacerlo) en el bachillerato. Pero para un grado similar de otra universidad no tienen porque ser esas mismas dos asignaturas las elegidas por la universidad, sino que pueden ser otras diferentes. Por no hablar de otro grado diferente, incluso de la misma primera universidad. Esta situación provocará que, si tras realizar las pruebas "voluntarias" el estudiante se encuentra con que le faltan centésimas para poder entrar en el grado elegido, probablemente esté aún en peor situación para matricularse en otros grados. Es decir, la mayor especialización provocará que haya menos carreras a elegir. Muchos estudiantes se quedan ya hoy sin estudiar la carrera deseada por muy poco, pero pueden acceder a una carrera similar, o a esa misma carrera en otra universidad. Con la nueva reforma... todo eso será mucho más difícil y muchos estudiantes se quedarán fuera de la universidad.
Hoy en día hay una campaña consciente para desmotivar al estudiante y evitar que intente estudiar una carrera universitaria. Para los capitalistas sobran licenciados pese a las enormes necesidades sociales que habría que cubrir.
Esta nueva selectividad contribuirá a impedir que los hijos de los trabajadores puedan conseguir un título educativo superior. Ante la crisis económica se volverá a demostrar que tener un título universitario es un seguro de vida frente al paro masivo y la precariedad absoluta que vamos a ver en el Estado español en los próximos meses (y puede que años).
El Sindicato de Estudiantes defiende la supresión de la selectividad porque el estudiante ya ha demostrado su capacidad en el bachillerato, al tiempo que exigimos que inspección educativa impida a los centros privado-concertados inflar sus notas. Pero desde luego, lo que no consentiremos es un endurecimiento de la prueba.
Recordamos al gobierno del PSOE que el PP, con Rajoy como ministro de educación, ya intentó en el curso 99/2000 un endurecimiento similar de la selectividad, lo que provocó un importante movimiento de estudiantes que forzó a la retirada de la medida.